Systems and Technologies

SOME ASPECTS OF TEACHING PROFESSIONAL CYCLE DISCIPLINES FOR STUDENTS OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS USING SIMULATION MODELING

T. A. Zaytseva — 2025-06-09

The article investigates the aspects of using simulation modeling tools in the process of teaching professional cycle disciplines for students majoring in Applied Mathematics. Particular attention is paid to demonstrating the full cycle of solving professional problems – from formulation and detailing to model construction and application of specific methods and appropriate software packages. This approach contributes to the formation of a holistic understanding of modeling principles and their practical application in future professional activities. It should also be noted that it plays a key role in students’ research activities, contributing to the development of analytical thinking and practical skills in building, verifying and applying simulation models of complex systems. It forms the basis for fundamental and applied research, allowing students to develop their own models and analysis methods, which is important for solving modern technical and managerial problems.Simulation modeling, in the context of training specialists in applied mathematics, is one of the key tools that provides not only a deep understanding of theoretical foundations but also the development of practical skills in analyzing complex systems.Its use in the educational process helps to activate students’ analytical thinking and form important professional competencies necessary for successful activities in the field of computer modeling and related fields.The article presents examples of the integration of simulation modeling into various professional disciplines for students of applied mathematics, which allows to demonstrate the possibilities of a comprehensive analysis of complex stochastic and deterministic processes with regard to multifactorial interactions. It is shown how the use of modeling methods contributes to the study of nonlinear system dynamics, the application of multicriteria optimization, and the development of algorithms for predicting real processes directly in the learning environment. Particular attention is paid to the introduction of agent-based, discrete-event and hybrid modeling, which is aimed at forming key competencies in mathematical analysis, algorithmic design and digital forecasting.The article discusses the integration of such modeling tools as the finite element method, stochastic modeling, fractal geometry, and models based on differential equations into the educational process, which are key to solving complex technical problems. The possibilities of using modern software packages, such as Aimsun, Ansys, AnyLogic, GPSS, NetLogo, and Simulink, for structural and behavioral modeling within the framework of the applied mathematics curriculum are illustrated.It is noted that such an integrated use of simulation modeling methods and tools significantly affects the formation of students’ deep competencies in algorithmic thinking, numerical modeling and engineering computing, preparing them for successful professional activities. It is proposed to update the educational components by expanding the practical application of simulation analysis, strengthening the analytical component and introducing an interdisciplinary approach.

DETERMINING THE QUALITY METRICS OF A FINITE ELEMENT IN THE SHAPE OF A BIPYRAMID

A. P. Motailo — 2025-06-09

The article deals with the metric properties of a finite element in the shape of a bipyramid with one/two/three moving nodes. The main task of this study is to determine the conditions for using the bipyramid, which is not a regular polyhedron, in the constructing of a finite element mesh.Four main indices of bipyramid quality were obtained in this paper: Element Quality, Aspect Ratio, Skewness, and Orthogonal Quality. All calculations were made according to the rules used in ANSYS.Using the formula for 3D elements, an interval estimate of the element quality metric is found, which determines the limits of bipyramids application in the discretization of the domain by the Finite Element Method in problems of linear mechanics, elasticity and thermal conductivity.Based on the analysis of the Aspect Ratio of the bipyramid faces, a formula for calculating the quality index of a bipyramid with one/two/three moving nodes is obtained. The limits of application of this formula are determined by the rules that apply to the Aspect Ratio in ANSYS Mechanical, Elecromagnetics and CFX.In this paper, interval estimates are found for the asymmetry index of the bipyramid with one/two/three moving nodes, which allow satisfying the ANSYS mesh quality requirements at the good and excellent levels. The obtained estimates are constraints on the values of the internal angles of the bipyramid faces, which are functions of the parameters of elongation/compres- sion of the polyhedron semi-axes. The identified dependencies between the coordinates of the bipyramid vertices and the values of its angles, which are different from zero, simplify the algorithm for checking the asymmetry quality indicator.In this paper, Orthogonal Quality metric is found in the form of a function of the bipyramid elongation/compression parameters. Based on the analysis of the function’s set of values, it is established that, regardless of the bipyramid parameters, Orthogonal Quality indicator takes positive values. According to the requirements set forth in ANSYS, positivedefinite Orthogonal Quality is a sufficient condition for the use of irregular geometric shape elements in the Finite Element Mesh Generation. The obtained results contain formulas and interval estimates that can be used in the finite element method algorithmization. The prospect of further research is to develop an algorithm for 3D-discretizing with a tetrahedral-octahedral mesh and carry out computational experiments using the Finite Element Method.

ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZATION OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION CARGO ROUTES BASED ON DYNAMIC MODIFICATION OF THE TWIG AND BOUNDARY METHOD

A. M. Pasichnyk — 2025-06-09

In the article, based on the twig and boundary method, an algorithm for optimizing routes for road freight transportation is proposed based on the criterion of minimizing the transport work for their delivery, when the distances and volumes of delivery for each point and between points are given. In this study, the optimization criterion used is the minimization of the transport work of transporting goods from the corresponding transport and logistics center to the specified delivery points and the uniqueness of passing through their locations. The main idea of the method is that the branching of the set of possible freight transportation options into subsets is carried out according to an algorithm based on constructing estimates from above for the objective function on a certain set of solutions, which allows organizing a complete procedure for searching for possible route options for this problem. In accordance with the proposed approach, the set of all possible route options is divided into several non-intersecting subsets, from which the subset is determined on which the objective function of transport work reaches its smallest value.The paper shows that transport work is a complex indicator that takes into account the volume and distance of cargo transportation and is determined by their product. Unlike the classical application of the twig and boundary method when minimizing the length of the transportation route, when the elements of the transportation distance matrix are constant, the peculiarity of the proposed approach is that the entire set of possible cargo transportation options is described by the transport work matrix of delivery, the elements of which are calculated dynamically at each step of the algorithm, since their value depends on the volume of shipment that occurred at the previous stage. To increase the efficiency of searching for the optimal route, a modification of the twig and boundary method (TBM) was carried out for the case of dynamic determination of the elements of the transport work matrix of delivery. An algorithm for applying the proposed variant of the TBM method to construct an optimal road route by minimizing the transport work of transporting goods from a logistics center and a network of five delivery points is also presented. Analysis of the results of the calculations confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach and shows that its application allows to reduce the computational complexity due to the use of improved strategies for cutting off irrelevant solutions and adaptive branching of possible cargo delivery options. The proposed approach allows to increase the accuracy of the calculation results and reduce the time of searching for the optimal route according to the criterion of minimizing the transport work of delivering cargo to the destination points. The results obtained can be used to optimize logistics processes and reduce the cost of transportation.

SOME ISSUES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TURBULENT FLOWS AROUND TRANSPORT VEHICLES AND THEIR ELEMENTS

A. V. Sokhatskyi — 2025-06-09

The flow of vehicles in a turbulent flow is a complex nonlinear dynamic system. To study these complex nonlinear systems, certain methodological approaches are implemented. These approaches should be based on objective physical laws that describe the behavior of a dynamic system. As a result of the analysis of the processes under study, it is necessary to identify their regularities and develop their description.Mathematical modeling of such nonlinear dynamical systems is an interdisciplinary tool for studying various physical processes. The problems of modeling advanced turbulence remain open. A single mechanism of transition to turbulent chaos in different types of hydrodynamic flows has not yet been found. In a developed turbulent flow, there are pulsations with scales ranging from the largest to very small. To date, four mechanisms are known for the transition of laminar flow to turbulent flow when the Reynolds number reaches a critical value. It is believed that the phenomenon of turbulence is to some extent related to chaos.Today, there is no comprehensive theory of turbulence in various aerodynamic flows. To date, a number of scenarios for the development of turbulent flows based on the processes of motion chaos have been proposed. These are the following scenarios: based on the idea of the hierarchy of quasi-periodic motions; the process of chaoticization of fluid motion by Ruel- Tuckens; transition to turbulent chaos through a sequence of doubling period bifurcations; transition to turbulence through intermittency. These approaches originated as a result of studies of model systems of turbulent flows and their analysis using differential equations. Their mathematical description is extremely complex and requires further development. To numerically solve the problem of calculating the characteristics of turbulent flow around a ground vehicle, a model of viscous compressible gas flow described by the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations was chosen. The computational domain around the vehicle is complex, so it is advisable to use a multi-block approach and a curved coordinate system. The methodology was developed, the algorithm was constructed, and the codes of the software package were written in Fortran-95.By numerically solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed by the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model in the realization of separated vortices, the plane-parallel flow of a circular cylinder is calculated. The obtained results are compared with experimental data.

INTELLIGENT VEHICLE CONDITION ANALYZER BASED ON PARAMETER DYNAMICS TRENDS

S. P. Aloshyn — 2025-06-09

The article considers the problem of timely assessment of a vehicle’s technical condition based on the analysis of informative wear indicators, enabling the prevention of critical failures without the need to visit a service center. Traditional approaches to technical diagnostics, which rely on mileage or scheduled maintenance intervals, are often insufficiently effective, as they do not reflect the actual condition of vehicle components and assemblies. Therefore, an intelligent approach based on an ensemble of artificial neural networks is proposed, allowing the determination of the wear degree of major vehicle systems by analyzing the dynamics of their operational parameters.The purpose of this research is to develop a model that enables automated classification of a vehicle’s technical condition based on a set of indicators signaling potential faults. To achieve this, a representative training dataset was formed using statistical data on typical wear symptoms (such as reduced acceleration dynamics, unstable engine starting, increased fuel consumption, engine knocking, etc.), enabling the timely detection of early failure signs and determination of optimal moments for maintenance. The developed model is based on the Kolmogorov–Arnold theorem and implemented as a pattern recognition task using supervised learning methods.Experimental results confirm the high accuracy and practical applicability of the model. The proposed neural network architecture can be adapted to different classes of vehicles. Practical application of such an analyzer reduces maintenance costs, enhances operational safety, and ensures prompt response to emerging technical issues. The developed solution can be integrated into existing hardware and software systems for vehicle condition monitoring, providing convenience, accessibility, and reliability of the diagnostic process. The results of the study promote the broader adoption of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of vehicle technical diagnostics.

PYTHON SPEECH RECOGNITION API COMPARISON

О. І. Bezverkhyі — 2025-06-09

With the development of computer systems, it is becoming increasingly clear that the use of speech recognition systems will expand greatly if it becomes possible to use human speech when working directly with a computer, and in particular, it will become possible to control a machine with a normal voice in real time, as well as to input and output information in the form of normal human speech. The voice interface is an essential component when it comes to creating a comfortable living environment. Such systems are part of everyday life, and they can also be used in production as part of actuator control systems.When creating a voice command recognition system, the developer faces certain problems: the lack of a mathematical model of speech signal semantics; the fact that individual characteristics of the speaker: specific pronunciation, accents, accents, etc. are required to determine the semantics of the speech signal; working with spontaneous speech and the need to highlight the presence of a keyword; differences in the acoustic environment, noise, etc. Parameterization of the analog speech signal is the first step in the speech recognition process. Algorithms are designed to perform a parametric representation of the speech signal: parameters that describe the behavior of the human auditory system. Naturally, these algorithms are specifically designed to increase the performance of the speech recognition system. Preferred parameters that are lists of spectral energies of sound rather than details of a particular speaker’s voice This article compares the leading speech recognition APIs by examining their features, use cases, and performance metrics. The analysis aims to provide developers with a complete understanding of these technologies, emphasizing their advantages and limitations. Python was used to test these APIs with microphone input, offering insight into their latency, accuracy, and practical applications. This study serves as a guide to selecting the best API for specific project requirements, with a visual representation of the results for clarity.

INTEGRATED PLATFORMS FOR AUTOMATING PERSONAL FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING BASED ON CHATBOTS AND CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES

О. M. Haitan — 2025-06-09

In the context of increasing financial complexity and the growing need for better personal finance management, virtual personal financial assistants have emerged as essential tools for individuals seeking efficient ways to track, manage, and analyze their finances. The widespread adoption of smartphones and cloud-based technologies has contributed to the growth of automated financial solutions that assist users in budgeting, expense tracking, and making financial decisions. This study examines the conceptual and practical foundations of developing a virtual personal financial assistant based on Telegram chatbot technology, integrated with cloud services such as Google Sheets. The research explores methods for automating financial accounting, enhancing user interaction with financial data, and ensuring secure, scalable, and accessible financial accounting tool for individual and family.The paper investigates the integration of asynchronous communication models using Aiogram, implementation of cloud- based data management via the Google Sheets API, and the use of a lightweight database SQLite for handling service-related data. Particular attention is given to the interaction logic, user experience design, and security protocols based on OAuth2 for managing sensitive financial data.Furthermore, the research analyzes the user experience, focusing on how the system supports both individual and shared financial management. It explores the functionality that enables multiple users to collaboratively manage a family budget.The proposed solution represents an approach, combining elements of software engineering, cloud computing, and digital finance. The study highlights the advantages of chatbot-driven interfaces for personal finance management and outlines the potential for future enhancements, including greater automation, multi-user collaboration, and artificial intelligence integration.

ARCHITECTURE OF A SEMI-AUTOMATED ANNOTATION SYSTEM FOR MULTILINGUAL ARCHIVAL HANDWRITTEN TEXTS

A. V. Ivasechko — 2025-06-09

The developed system architecture enables the creation of datasets for further processing using machine learning and deep learning techniques. This approach plays a key role in addressing the challenges associated with the automated recognition of historical handwritten documents, particularly in complex multilingual and multi-script environments. A significant portion of Ukraine’s archival heritage, especially documents dating from the 14th to the 19th centuries, contains texts written in various languages–including Ukrainian, Polish, Russian, and Ottoman Turkish–using different scripts such as Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic.Traditional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems are typically designed for printed texts and are limited in their ability to handle the variability and noise present in historical manuscripts. Furthermore, they often lack support for mixed-language documents and rare historical scripts, making them unsuitable for large-scale archival digitization projects. In contrast, the proposed system architecture not only allows for the semi-automated labeling of individual characters but also incorporates user interaction, validation mechanisms, and multilingual capabilities. These features significantly improve the quality of the labeled data and ensure its suitability for downstream machine learning tasks.The resulting datasets can be used to train modern recognition models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformer-based architectures, which have demonstrated high effectiveness in visual and sequence processing tasks. By generating high-quality, annotated training samples, the system contributes to the development of robust handwriting recognition solutions that can adapt to historical variation in script style, ink degradation, and complex page layouts. Moreover, the architecture supports iterative model refinement through human-in-the-loop strategies, where user feedback is incorporated to improve recognition accuracy over time. This is particularly important in the digital humanities domain, where expert validation and domain-specific knowledge play a critical role in ensuring the reliability of computational tools.Ultimately, the proposed system facilitates the preservation, accessibility, and computational analysis of cultural heritage documents, thereby supporting historians, linguists, and archivists in their research efforts.

DEVELOPING A PLATFORM FOR TEACHER BLOGGING

O. P. Koshova — 2025-06-09

The purpose of the article is to analyze the software architecture for a teacher’s blog and describe its main components that ensure effective content management and quick interaction with users. It covers approaches to developing an administrative web application and a public website, their interaction via API, as well as the use of modern technologies such as Next.js, MongoDB, and JWT to achieve system stability, scalability, and security.The software architecture consists of an administrative web application (Frontend and Backend) and a public website (Frontend). The administrative interface is built on the Next.js platform, which combines server-side rendering (SSR) and client-side rendering, ensuring high page loading speed. The frontend part allows teachers to manage blog content, including creating, editing, and deleting articles, books, and author information. The backend part is implemented for query processing, MongoDB database management, authentication, and access control via JWT. The public website uses static page generation (SSG) and SSR technologies, which ensure optimal performance and fast loading of content. Also considered are use cases, including administrator authorization, article, book and settings management. The Vercel platform was chosen for hosting, which provides automatic deployment via GitHub and CI/CD support.The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of the chosen architecture for ensuring fast and secure operation of the teacher’s blog. The use of Next.js, MongoDB, and JWT allows you to create a flexible and scalable system with the ability to expand functionality. The public website provides users with access to articles and books without authentication, and the administrative web application provides convenient content management. The selected technologies contribute to high productivity and ease of use of the system.

COMPUTER VISION-BASED APPROACH TO PARKING SPACE AVAILABILITY DETECTION

S. V. Popereshnyak — 2025-06-09

The increasing number of vehicles in urban areas places significant pressure on infrastructure, exacerbating the problem of parking space shortages and causing congestion, elevated air pollution levels, and significant time losses for drivers searching for available spaces. In central areas of large cities, the inefficient distribution and utilization of parking resources is particularly critical. Traditional parking management methods often fail to address dynamic demand fluctuations and lack capabilities for real-time information updates. Moreover, existing sensor-based solutions are associated with high installation and maintenance costs, limiting their scalability and adoption.To address these challenges, this paper presents a vision-based approach for real-time parking space availability detection, utilizing modern computer vision and deep learning technologies. The developed system leverages a pretrained YOLO (You Only Look Once) model, adapted and optimized for the detection of vehicles within parking environments based on live video streams. For accurate space monitoring, a geometric analysis of predefined regions of interest (ROIs) is implemented to match detected vehicles to specific parking spots and determine their occupancy status. A flexible, user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed using the PySide6 framework, providing realtime visualization of parking status, dynamic highlighting of available or occupied spaces, and interactive features for space assignment and guidance. An integrated ROI editor allows administrators to define and adjust parking layouts directly within the interface, facilitating rapid deployment and adaptation across various parking facility geometries. Configuration management via YAML files ensures system flexibility, supporting adjustable detection thresholds, resource paths, and modular scalability.The system has been validated on test video datasets, demonstrating robust performance in detecting vehicles under different lighting and environmental conditions. It provides accurate, dynamic updates of parking space availability, significantly reducing the time drivers spend searching for parking, improving traffic flow, and contributing to the reduction of fuel consumption and associated emissions.The proposed approach advances the automation of urban parking management, aligning with the broader Smart City initiatives focused on enhancing the sustainability and livability of urban spaces. Furthermore, the modular architecture of the developed platform allows future extensions, including the integration of reservation systems, payment processing, license plate recognition (LPR) modules, and advanced analytics for predictive occupancy modeling.The vision-based solution offers a cost-effective, scalable, and flexible alternative to traditional parking monitoring systems, positioning itself as a promising technological foundation for next-generation intelligent parking infrastructures.

MODAL WINDOWS IN THE IN UI WITH REACT/NEXT.JS

O. G. Trofymenko — 2025-06-09

Modal windows are a ubiquitous element of digital interfaces for displaying notifications, collecting user input, and controlling navigation. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize modern approaches to implementing modal windows in web applications created using React and Next.js. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to implementing modal windows in frontend development. First, the role of modal windows in improving user interaction in web applications is investigated. Despite their widespread use, there is some ambiguity regarding when to use modal windows and when alternative solutions are pop-up dialog boxes. The authors conduct a detailed comparison of these interface components, their different uses, advantages, and potential disadvantages. Secondly, the article discusses various problems in developing functional modal windows in the user interface. This concerns accessibility, performance, and efficiency issues, integration of modal windows with routing, mobile issues, interruption of ongoing interaction, issues with markup and styles. Systematizing approaches to implementing these components allows you to ensure interface quality and increase the scalability and maintainability of web applications in the long term. Third, the paper explores the issue of testing modal windows in dynamic web environments. Traditional automated testing tools often have problems with modal interactions due to their temporal nature and dependence on user-initiated events. The paper discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) can help address these challenges by enabling sophisticated analysis of modal behavior, including dynamic adaptation of content and responsiveness in real time. AI-based testing frameworks can simulate complex user interactions, detect accessibility issues, and predict potential UX issues before deployment. By integrating effective accessibility practices, optimizing performance, and using advanced AI-powered testing, developers can create intuitive and effective interfaces that enhance, rather than hinder, user interactions. The analysis can be valuable for both novice and experienced interface developers looking to refine their approach to modal design in modern web applications.

ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ALGORITHMS FOR FINDING THE OPTIMAL PATH FOR PROGRAMMABLE OBJECTS IN DIGITAL GAME SPACES

Yu. V. Ulianovska — 2025-06-09

The study is devoted to developing methods for finding the optimal path for programmable objects in a virtual game environment. Algorithmic approaches to determining the shortest path are considered, and the application of the A* algorithm in the Unity engine is investigated for implementing an effective search for the shortest distances between the initial and target points of movement of a game character. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the key parameters of the algorithm – gCost, hCost, and fCost, which determine the heuristic estimate of the cost of movement and ensure the optimality of routes in the context of the complex structure of the game space. The study also considers the features of the virtual environment, such as the presence of obstacles, variable environmental conditions, and the dynamics of the game process, which affect decision-making by the navigation system.In the process of software implementation of the A* algorithm, special attention is paid to the mechanism of dynamic updating of the set of neighboring nodes for each vertex of the navigation graph. This approach provides flexibility for the algorithm in a changing environment, allowing it to quickly respond to the appearance of new obstacles or changes in the topology of the game scene. This allowed us to increase the adaptability of the pathfinding system to real-time conditions, which is critically important for modern gaming applications.The results of the study confirm the high efficiency of the A* algorithm in solving the problems of finding the optimal path, which makes it relevant for a wide range of applications in the field of computer technology, in particular in game design, virtual simulations, and autonomous navigation systems in robotics. The integration of the algorithm into the Unity development environment not only expands the functionality of this engine but also creates the prerequisites for further improvement of the intelligent components of gaming and simulation systems. The presented study emphasizes the importance of implementing adaptive navigation algorithms and their role in the development of innovative technologies. The results can be used to increase the adaptability and performance of navigation systems in computer games.

TYPES, CHARACTERISTICS AND EXECUTION METHODS OF CYBER FRAUD

O. A. Haborets — 2025-06-09

The article is dedicated to the study of cyber fraud characteristics and classification, methods of its execution. It examines key factors contributing to the rise of cybercrime, including the rapid digitalization of society, economic destabilization, the psycho-emotional vulnerability of the population, and the advancement of social engineering technologies.In today’s world, where technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, cyber fraud has become one of the biggest threats. With the growing use of the internet and mobile devices, cybercriminals are finding new ways to defraud people and organisations, causing them significant financial and reputational damage. The process of cyber fraud often begins with fraudsters collecting information about their potential victims. This can be personal data, financial details, or even online behavioural history. Using this data, criminals create convincing fake platforms or messages. The purpose of the article is to examine the current state of cyber fraud in the country and offer advice on protecting personal data and finances. The main types of fraud are analyzed, including phishing, manipulative schemes in e-commerce, cryptocurrency fraud, and cyberbullying. Special attention is given to the specifics of fraudulent schemes in wartime conditions, including fake charitable initiatives and fraud involving disinformation.Cyber fraud is a real threat that is growing every year, and protecting yourself from it requires care and caution. It is important not only to choose reliable online platforms, but also to have a strategic approach to online security. It is necessary to be vigilant and use modern protection methods to minimise risks and avoid them. Combating cyber fraud is one of the most important tasks for modern organisations and Internet users. The study proposes approaches to combating cybercrime, which include improving digital security mechanisms, enhancing public cyber literacy, and implementing effective measures for detecting and counteracting fraudulent schemes.

POST-QUANTUM THREATS TO INFORMATION SECURITY: CHALLENGES AT THE GLOBAL AND NATIONAL LEVELS

D. I. Prokopovych-Tkachenko — 2025-06-09

The article examines the key aspects of the impact of quantum computing on modern information security, as well as the potential consequences of its implementation in various spheres of public life. In particular, it analyzes the risks arising from the possibility of breaking traditional cryptographic algorithms, such as RSA, DSA, ECC, and others, using quantum computers capable of performing computations at unprecedented speeds. This poses a threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information in financial, governmental, military, and other critically important systems. The study proposes solutions to address issues related to the implementation of quantum-resistant cryptography. It out-lines the prospects of using algorithms based on lattices, error-correcting codes, multivariate equations, isogenies of elliptic curves, and other approaches capable of ensuring long-term data security. International initiatives for the standardization of post-quantum cryptographic technologies are considered, with particular emphasis on the NIST program for the development of new cryptographic standards.Special attention is paid to the challenges faced by countries at the national level. These include the need to modernize existing information systems, develop new cybersecurity standards, train specialists in quantum technologies, and address significant financial and organizational costs. Risks are highlighted for financial, energy, transportation, and governmental infrastructures that are critically dependent on reliable cryptographic protection methods. The article emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in addressing global post-quantum threats. Mechanisms for international exchange of experience, joint research, and the formation of alliances to accelerate the implementation of quantum-resistant technologies are proposed. The necessity of developing new cybersecurity strategies that account for future challenges and ensure the stability of modern information systems in the post-quantum era is explored.

INTEGRATION OF AUTOMATED METHODS OF WEB DATA COLLECTION INTO STATE CYBERSECURITY STRATEGIES

D. I. Prokopovych-Tkachenko — 2025-06-09

The article examines the use of automated methods of web data collection (web scraping) in the context of strengthening national cybersecurity, with a special emphasis on emergent adaptive neural networks. Given the challenges of the modern information space, where data volumes are constantly growing, emergent adaptive systems are becoming a key tool in detecting cyber threats, disinformation campaigns, and leaks of sensitive information. Automated methods of web data collection allow integrating new approaches to big data analysis into the state’s information security system, which allows for the prompt identification of threats, in particular through content analysis in social networks, forums, and other open sources. Collecting large amounts of data through web scraping provides a multi-channel approach to threat monitoring and allows systems built on emergent adaptive neural networks to respond more quickly to new attack scenarios. The implementation of such technologies allows to significantly increase the effectiveness of threat prediction and the speed of response to cyber incidents, which is critical for protecting national security.Particular attention is paid to the importance of real-time data processing, which is especially important when implementing emergent adaptive systems in state infrastructures. Adaptive neural networks are able to constantly change their strategies, taking into account new data, which makes the system more resistant to changes in the external environment. The results of the study confirm that the integration of automated methods of web data collection into the state’s information security strategy allows to significantly increase the level of protection of critical infrastructure and effectively predict and reduce potential threats.Thus, the use of web scraping in combination with emergent adaptive neural networks provides significant potential for strengthening national cybersecurity, in particular for protection against new types of attacks and ensuring the stability of state information systems.

ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE NEXT-GENERATION SECURE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS WITH SUPPORT FOR SERVERLESS AND EDGE COMPUTING

I. O. Rozlomii — 2025-06-09

This paper presents a comprehensive study of modern database management systems (DBMSs) designed to operate within serverless and edge computing architectures. The analysis focuses on recent DBMSs such as SurrealDB, Xata, Turso, Dolt, and EdgeDB, which implement innovative approaches to data storage, processing, and protection in decentralized environments.These systems have emerged in response to the growing demand for scalable, secure, and resilient data management solutions, especially in the context of increased data generation, the proliferation of IoT devices, and rising requirements for data privacy and integrity.The study examines the architectural and functional characteristics of the mentioned DBMSs, identifying their advantages, limitations, and application potential in security-sensitive domains. Particular attention is paid to the integration of access control policies, support for data encryption, replication mechanisms, fault tolerance, and auditing capabilities. Based on the analysis, the authors propose a generalized architecture for a secure edge-oriented DBMS, which consists of a client tier, edge nodes, access policy engine, audit and logging service, centralized cloud storage, and key management service (KMS).Each component plays a distinct role in ensuring end-to-end data protection, context-aware authorization, local data processing, and synchronization with a centralized repository. To assess system resilience and identify vulnerable components, a formal risk evaluation model is developed. The model calculates risk levels for each architectural component based on three parameters: the probability of threat realization, the degree of vulnerability, and the criticality of impact. The resulting weighted risk scores allow for a quantitative comparison of different architectural configurations and help prioritize protection measures in systems operating under varying threat conditions.The paper also identifies a set of architectural and security design principles that have proven effective in critical distrib- uted systems. These include layered isolation of processing levels, data localization at the edge, attribute-based access control (ABAC), end-to-end encryption (both at rest and in transit), and real-time distributed logging. The combination of these principles is shown to enhance security without compromising scalability or system performance, making them highly suitable for applications in healthcare, industrial automation, energy systems, and critical infrastructure.The results of this study can serve as a foundation for further improvement of secure DBMS design, offering practical insights for developers, system architects, and researchers working on the next generation of distributed and edge-integrated data platforms.

PERSPECTIVES OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT: ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES

S. V. Merinova — 2025-06-09

Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed digital ledger technology that records transactions across multiple computers. The key idea is that once information is recorded on a blockchain, it is extremely difficult to alter or tamper with because each block in the chain contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. This creates a secure, transparent, and immutable system. In this paper, we review the key features of blockchain and examples of its particular application in business and management. In Ukraine, while blockchain technology has a huge potential to change many business sectors, providing security, transparency and efficiency of processes, it is necessary to solve the issues of scalability, regulatory barriers, as well as optimize energy consumption for full implementation. The future of blockchain in business and management looks promising, especially given the opportunities offered by smart contracts, decentralized finance, and asset tokenization. The today’s leading trend is energy trading whose blockchains have been increasingly used to record and publish local and regional electricity market data. This is believed to produce a significant impact on establishing and solidifying transparency of pricing and investing in energy sector. Solving current problems will allow blockchain technology to become the main tool for creating transparent and reliable business processes. However, scalability still remains the most serious and pressing problem in blockchain implementation. While significant advancements are being made to address it, the unsolved balance between scalability, security, and decentralization (the blockchain trilemma) presents ongoing technical, economic, and environmental challenges.

MANAGEMENT OF INTERMODAL AND MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

V. V. Ohlikh — 2025-06-09

The transport system of economy in the context of globalization is an important component of innovation and technological development of the country and the world. In a single whole transport system security, economically, technologically and environmentally combines various functional components. This indicates the multidimensionality of the problems of transport systems. The influence of Russian military aggression, challenges for freight and passenger transportation in the conditions of war for the logistics processes of Ukrainian enterprises is analyzed. The strategies that can reduce the impact of military conflict are considered to ensure the continuity of supply.The transition of society to a new technical and economic paradigm on the background of a significant role is influenced by the time category. Breakthrough technological solutions in the direction of intermodality, high-speed modes of transport, MAGLV, high-speed highways will contribute to the formation of a new integrated transport system in the world. Therefore, the high-speed economy becomes the prerogative of modernization. A dramatic increase in the contribution of transport systems can be achieved by increasing the capacity of transport systems, intermodality, digital technologies, optimization, speed increasing. The processes of internationalization of transport systems are reflected in the formation of a fundamentally new organization of cargo flows.Intermodal transportation provides reduction of delivery time. Accurate planning, coordinated work of participants in the logistics chain and minimization of overloads generate transport and logistics advantages.The mathematical model of the problem of routing intermodal transportation in the discrete space is proposed. The task of forming optimal routes can be formulated as the problem of covering a special graph with chains of a given structure. As a criterion is offered: minimizing costs is a minimum amount of vehicles. In addition, delivery timing cannot exceed the specified values. The above model belongs to the class of NP-complex problems.

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION ROUTES PARAMETERS FORMING

N. V. Khalipova — 2025-06-09

The article addresses the urgent issue of forming effective transport and logistics support in organizing international passenger transportation. An economic and mathematical model of logistics management in the development of international tourist routes between Ukraine and Europe is proposed. The model is associated with the traveling salesman problem, where all designated points must be visited exactly once in a closed loop with minimum total cost, returning to the starting point. The purpose of the study is to develop efficient processes for international bus transportation in the Ukraine–Europe direction.To achieve this goal, the following tasks were accomplished: the main trends in the development of international passenger transportation in Ukraine were analyzed; an algorithm for forming a transport and logistics scheme for international transportation in the Ukraine–Europe direction was developed; a mathematical model of logistics management was proposed; and economic and mathematical modeling was conducted to determine the optimal tourist route through cities in Poland and analyze the results.Based on the analysis of current trends in international bus transportation and the factors influencing increased demand, an algorithm for building a transport and logistics scheme in the Ukraine–Europe direction was developed. This scheme takes into account both preliminary and operational forecasts of passenger flows, as well as the results of modeling queueing systems during formal border-crossing procedures for buses (via green and red corridors), and the real conditions with queues and service channels at international checkpoints.The main focus is on choosing the most efficient tourist travel routes. This issue is particularly relevant today due to the rapid development of international relations and the global tourism industry. Factors influencing the selection of destinations, time spent in cities, and the impact of a location’s attractiveness on the optimal duration of cultural and historical site visits were analyzed.Using the example of seven of the most popular cities in Poland, modeling was carried out and the optimal route was determined. As a result, the route Lviv–Krakow–Oswiecim–Wroclaw–Poznan–Gdansk–Warsaw–Lviv was found to have the shortest total length by road – 1788 km.The proposed approach should contribute to an increase in the number of trips along popular routes, more efficient use of the bus fleet of transport enterprises, and improved convenience and service quality for passengers (in terms of time, transfers, etc.). Overall, it will help increase the profitability of transport companies and better meet the needs of transport service consumers.

SELF-MANAGEMENT AND TEAM BUILDING AS KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT

N. H. Yakovlieva-Melnyk — 2025-06-09

The article is dedicated to the issues of managing the human resource potential of enterprises modern conditions. The author explores key aspects of management practices that are necessary for achieving excellence in the contemporary business environment. The article reveals the concept of self-effectiveness as an important component of productivity linked to employees’ ability to manage their tasks, time and emotional state, which, in turn, has a positively impacts the overall performance of the enterprise.It is determined that, from the organization’s perspective, the ability of team members to self-manage is crucial for the effective functioning of the organization. An environment where much of the staff is unable to complete tasks, adhere to schedules, and strive for self-realization significantly complicates the significantly complicates the implementation of any projects. The article emphasizes current global trends in enterprise management, which increasingly focus on mandatory and regulated disclosures of ESG policies. With the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the European Union establishes clear sustainability reporting standards and ESG data, and the implementation of ESG principles becomes an integral part of strategic investing, allowing not only for business development, but also for attracting investors who value responsible business practices.It has been clarified that the implementation of a corporate culture that fosters a sense of engagement and self-realization contributes to teamwork and the creation of a positive working environment. It is confirmed that when a company is socially responsible, it not only increases employee productivity, but also improves the company’s reputation in the market, particularly in terms of investment. Key principles include fairness, freedom, self-realization and development, support for diversity and innovation. Self-management and teamwork enable staff to take responsibility right where and when it is needed. Enterprises that have implemented the principles of self-organization and teamwork demonstrate significant success in adapting to changes and achieving strategic goals more rapidly. Overall, the article asserts that success in enterprise management lies in the formation of corporate policy through a combination of self-management, collaboration, and adaptability, which positively influence the achievement of corporate objectives in modern conditions.

ENHANCING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN HYDROJET WATER-POLYMER PERFORATION OF WELLS

A. V. Pashchenko — 2025-06-09

The article focuses on the relevance of ensuring safe working conditions during hydrojet water-polymer perforation of wells – a modern innovative non-explosive technology that is actively implemented in oil and gas extraction and production intensification processes. This approach significantly reduces the risks associated with the use of traditional explosive methods; however, it introduces new safety requirements, particularly due to the application of high pressures. The analysis identifies the main sources of danger associated with this technology: exceeding the permissible pressure level, the likelihood of hydraulic shock, and operator errors that may lead to emergency situations. To reduce the impact of the human factor and minimize risks, the introduction of automated control systems for the technological process is proposed, through the creation of intelligent sensor systems for high-pressure monitoring. For this purpose, a magnetic La0.6Sr0.3Mn1.1O3 (LSMO) nanopowder has been synthesized by atomization hydrolysis and compacted under different pressures up to 1600 MPa. Their phase composition, crystal structure, morphology, magnetic, magneto-resonance, transport, magnetoresistance, and baroresistance properties have been comprehensively studied. As the pressure increases to 1600 MPa, the filling factor in the compacts increases, decreasing the average distance between particles. In the room temperature range, the LSMO nanopowder is in a ferromagnetic state with a Curie temperature 367 oK and does not depend on the compacting pressure. With increasing pressures, a monotonic decrease in resistivity is due to reducing the distance between particles. Giant baroresistance effect with the establishment of the following important applied properties has been found: baroresistance effect is not limited by the Curie temperature and is observed both in the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states; the baroresistance effect under constant pressure slightly depends on the temperature in a wide range from – 193 to + 127 ℃; in the pressure range from 0 to 400 MPa, the baroresistance effect has the highest sensitivity, which is 0.1%/MPa. The conclusion is made regarding the feasibility of implementing LSMO in safe control systems for hydrojet water-polymer perforation of oil and gas wells.

IMPROVEMENT OF LABOUR SAFETY AND SAFETY OF LIFE ACTIVITIES BY INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

A. V. Pogrebnyak — 2025-06-09

Enhancing the level of occupational safety and safety of life activities for civil protection workers, such as firefighters and rescuers, is a priority task, especially during emergency response at industrial facilities. These specialists are frequently exposed to hazardous factors, notably high temperatures and intense thermal radiation. In this context, the search for ways to improve the efficiency of fire extinguishing systems is highly relevant. This work focuses on investigating opportunities to enhance water- based fire extinguishing systems through the application of polymer additives capable of reducing hydrodynamic drag, which, in turn, allows for an increase in the range and intensity of the fire extinguishing agent delivery.During the research, the regularities of behavior and manifestations of elastic deformations in the flows of aqueous polymer solutions were studied. The experimental conditions were maximally approximated to the real conditions that occur in fire hoses during their operation on the territories of industrial enterprises. Analysis of the obtained data convincingly demonstrates that when developing and implementing technologies for reducing hydrodynamic drag by injecting polymer solutions into the boundary layer of the flow, it is necessary to consider the effects of elastic deformations of macromolecules. These deformations can significantly affect the final efficiency of the drag reduction process.It was established that the observed decrease in the efficiency of fluid drag reduction when a polymer solution is supplied into the boundary layer of a fire hose is a complex result. It is caused by a combination of the deformational effect of the longitudinal hydrodynamic field, which is inevitably present in the polymer delivery system (pumps, injectors), and the specific molecular-concentration properties of the polymer solution itself (polymer type, its molecular weight, concentration).Uncontrolled deformations can lead to partial degradation of polymer chains or changes in their conformation, which negatively affects their ability to effectively suppress turbulent pulsations.Understanding these processes is important not only for fire extinguishing systems but may also find application in other fields where high-velocity fluid jets with polymer additives are used, for example, in water-polymer perforation technologies, particularly in oil and gas wells.Based on the conducted analysis, the paper outlines practical ways to increase the efficiency of systems for supplying polymer solutions into fire hoses. This includes recommendations regarding the design of injection units and the selection of optimal parameters for polymer solutions. The implementation of the proposed approaches will allow for an increase in the tactical and technical capabilities of water-based fire extinguishing systems, thereby improving the working conditions and safety of rescuers.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD OF CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL FAILURES OF RADIO ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION SYSTEMS BASED ON THE THEORY OF FUZZY SETS

S. V. Rahulin — 2025-06-09

The continuous increase in the complexity of radio electronic navigation systems of aircraft and the expansion of the circle of their functions have led to the fact that in order to manage the technical condition of radio electronic navigation systems, enterprises that operate forced to perform a considerable amount of work on maintenance and repair. The operating costs for maintenance and repair of radio electronic navigation systems are currently reaching 30-40% of the total cost of maintenance and repair of aircraft [1]. Therefore, it is urgent to increase the efficiency of the maintenance and repair system by reducing operating costs while maintaining flight shelf life and competitiveness of aircraft.The work defines the criteria for optimizing the technical support of radio electronic navigation systems on the basis of substantiation of the possibility of using various technical and technical and economic indicators of efficiency of operation, classification of radio electronic navigation systems on the grounds that take into account the specific features of their use by purpose. Classification of possible variants of strategies for maintenance and repair of radio electronic navigation systems, which differ in the level of diagnostic support and place of restoration of blocks and modules. For the correct approach to optimization of the exchange fund, there is a classification of options for constructing the inventory management system and a determined number of storage levels of inventory. According to the types of special situations established by the standards of flight suitability, radio – electronic navigation systems were classified by the degree of influence of functional refusals on the safety of air courts. The classification was developed based on the probability assessment of functional failures in flight in the presence of information on reliability of radio electronic navigation systems. For the absence of statistics to calculate probabilistic indicators, the method of classification of radio electronic navigation systems was developed based on a logical-linguistic approach using fuzzy set theory.

INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION: COMPOSITION OPTIONS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF MARITIME TRANSPORT

O. L. Drozhzhyn — 2025-06-09

The paper examines the definition of “door-to-door” in relation to intermodal transportation and considers its author's interpretations. The definition of intermodal transportation as a type of multimodal transportation is considered, its features are established in accordance with Ukrainian legislation. The starting and ending points that form intermodal transportation are identified and the conditions of intermodality are listed. Identification of the beginning and end of intermodal transportation is important in terms of establishing the locations where the intermodal transportation operator assumes and disclaims liability for the cargo. To prove the groundlessness of the statements about door-to-door delivery as a sign of intermodal transportation, the author presents technological maps of intermodal delivery under CIF and FOB contracts, which may be intermodal, but do not connect the door of the sender's warehouse with the door of the consignee. These examples illustrate the boundaries of intermodal transportation under the responsibility of the operator and areas where transportation takes place outside the operator's boundaries and is not the responsibility of the operator. Such a distinction establishes different statuses for these two carriers and, as a result, different levels of liability for loss and damage, and delay of cargo. The study is based on the definition of inter-modal transportation in accordance with national legislation, as well as the author's formulations of this definition provided by Ukrainian and foreign scholars in their publications. As a result, the following conclusions have been established: the key factor in transforming conventional segmented transportation into intermodal transportation is not just the use of several modes of transport, but rather their interaction, which provides a connection between land and sea sections of the route. Therefore, the participation of maritime transport is an integral part of the transport support for international trade. Intermodal transportation does not necessarily cover the entire route “from the sender's door to the recipient's door”. – It may begin or end at other points along the route in accordance with the selected basic terms of delivery, provided that certain “intermodality” features are main-tained. Under any conditions of supply of goods, each intermodal transportation is managed by a single intermodal transport operator, which issues a through transport document that ensures communication between the consignor and the consignee.

CALCULATION OF VEHICLE DRIVING MODES TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF ROAD ACCIDENTS

P. V. Bekh — 2025-06-09

A study of factors contributing to road accidents has shown that improving active vehicle safety and modernizing road infrastructure aimed at increasing speed and capacity does not ensure an increase in the overall safety of the driver-vehicle-road system. Such measures may lead to the driver going beyond the limits of safe vehicle control. Quantitative indicators of driving quality have been determined, reflecting the level of road safety. The values of driving parameters corresponding to different types of road sections are also presented. These indicators can be used by drivers as information support, as an element of interaction in the driver-vehicle system, and for monitoring road safety by authorized organizations.During the analysis of the conditions of road accidents, it was found that measures to increase the active safety of the driver-vehicle system and road infrastructure, aimed at increasing the speed of movement and throughput, do not ensure an increase in the overall active safety of the video surveillance system. Such actions may allow the driver to go beyond the limits of safe control over the car. In this regard, it was determined and proposed to use as feedback, traffic safety indicators that allow making adjustments to the driver's actions to prevent road accidents. These indicators are used not only by the driver himself, but also serve as the basis for establishing safe ranges of values, exceeding which while driving may be the basis for administrative intervention by the supervisory services.There is an assumption that improving road conditions, speed and braking characteristics, vehicle stability, handling and active safety features contribute to overall traffic safety. However, these claims are contradicted by traffic accident statistics.The average pre-accident behavior of bus, truck, and car drivers has a ratio of 1:0.7:0.5. Analyzing the distance to an accident in the driver-passenger systems, it was found that for drivers with high dynamic characteristics, this distance is 3.3 times smaller than for drivers with low dynamic characteristics.

DEPENDENCE MODEL OF FREIGHT TURNOVER IN ROAD TRANSPORT ON THE PRICE OF A-95 GASOLINE

N. V. Maiborodina — 2025-06-09

Road transport ranks second in Ukraine among modes of transport in terms of freight volume. This is why there is a need to study, model, analyze, and forecast freight traffic in road transport. The behavior and value of any economic indicator depend on a multitude of factors, but it is impossible to take all of them into account. However, this is not necessary. Typically, only a limited number of factors significantly influence the indicator under study. The impact of other factors is so negligible that ignoring them does not lead to substantial deviations in the behavior of the object under analysis. A key prerequisite for a quality analysis and forecast is identifying and considering only the dominant factors in the model. One of the most important factors influencing road freight traffic is the price of fuel. This paper examines the issue of modeling road freight traffic depending on the price of A-95 gasoline. To construct the mathematical model, statistical data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine was used. To automate the process of building the model of the dependence of freight volume on road transport on the price of A-95 gasoline, this study employed the capabilities of the Excel spreadsheet processor. To ensure the reliability of the constructed model, the regression line option with the highest approximation value was selected among those offered in Excel. This work adheres to all the requirements for the main stages of mathematical modeling of a real-world process: the problem is stated, the key influencing indicator is identified, the methodology for constructing the mathematical model is presented, the developed model of the real process is analyzed, and the application of the obtained results for the practical task of forecasting road freight traffic for the year 2025 is considered. The results obtained in this study play an important role in planning the volume of goods transported by road and in analyzing the volume of external and internal trade in goods.

DIGITALIZATION OF LOGISTICS PROCESSES, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL PLANNING IN THE STATE SPECIAL TRANSPORT SERVICE

D. Ye. Prodan — 2025-06-09

The article deals with the topical problem of digitalization of logistics processes, resource management and operational planning in the conditions of specific tasks of the State Special Transport Service (hereinafter – the State Support Service). The introduction of digital technologies makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of managing material and technical resources, reduce decision-making time and optimize internal processes, which is especially important if the tasks of ensuring the continuous functioning of the critical transport infrastructure of the state. The study identifies a number of key initiatives aimed at introducing a single digital logistics and resource management system, geoinformation monitoring of infrastructure facilities, automation of operational planning and response, as well as the development of mobile applications for enhanced personnel coordination. It is noted that the use of geoinformation systems (GIS) makes it possible to visualize and quickly analyze the state of critical transport infrastructure, ensuring timely repair and repair work and increasing the overall safety of transport units.The research methodology involves a comparative analysis of modern digital platforms, mathematical modeling of logistics processes, as well as the use of statistical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of initiatives. To confirm hypotheses on the impact of digitalization on efficiency and planning accuracy was Experimental modeling was conducted on the basis of real data on the use of resources and vehicles in the units of the State Summer Service.The results demonstrate a reduction in time and resources, as well as increasing the response rate through timely processing of critically important information. On the basis of comparison with previous studies and areas of digital transformation in the military and transport spheres, it is concluded that the proposed measures can ensure a significant increase in the efficiency of the State Support Service. Prospective areas of further research are proposed, including integration with other state and military structures to enhance the interaction and expand the functional capabilities of digital platforms.

ABOUT THE CONTROLLED SINGLE-CHANNEL TRANSPORT DEVICES FUNCTIONAL SAFETY MODEL

S. A. Razghonov — 2025-06-09

The article considers the functional safety of single-channel transport devices of robotic on-board systems. It is shown that the technical devices currently being developed are mostly covered by built-in control. The safety and reliability of single-channel controlled devices have not been given sufficient attention. Thus, in existing regulatory documents on reliability, a comprehensive reliability indicator (the device's readiness coefficient) is determined by the ratio of average work on refusal to the amount of average work on refusal and average recovery time. The values of the readiness coefficient are determined for the operating conditions of the object when the average failure of the refusal and the average duration of recovery remain constant. Such interpretation implies that any refusal of the device is detected and then immediately restored; that is, the built-in control tools are ideal. In real conditions, it is difficult to create controls that provide a complete guarantee of detection. The approach is considered that formalize applied functional safety problems and allows you to find optimal solutions to applied tasks. Technical devices the currently being developed are mostly covered by built-in control. The safety and reliability of single-channel controlled devices have not been given sufficient attention. The formula expressions of stationary probabilistic ones for renewed single-channel devices with built-in hardware have been obtained. They allow for taking into account the real characteristics of the efficiency and reliability of controls, while increasing the accuracy of the results of the analysis of the systems. It is known that the reliability of the transport device is the property to maintain performance for a given time with the preservation of the given performance characteristics under appropriate technical conditions of operation. This property is directly related to economic operational parameters. In the end, economic parameters, in modern conditions, play a crucial role in the production of this device and the business processes of operation. Briefly consider the time indicators of safety and reliability of a single-channel controlled device. The indicators of the duration of time between failures and separately between hidden failures, as well as the recovery time and downtime of the device, are determined.

THE NOVEL METHODS OF PROCESSING IMPRECISE DATA FOR SOLUTION OF RADAR SURVEILLANCE AND REMOTE SENSING TASKS

S. I. Alpert — 2025-06-09

Nowadays solution of radar surveillance and Remote Sensing tasks require processing, analysis and classification of ambiguous, partial and contradictory information. One of the most important data processing procedures is the satellite image classification. The large volume of inaccurate data can cause a problem with the image classification procedure. It was noted, that Dempster-Shafer evidence theory can be applied for image classification in this case, because this theory can deal with imprecise and uncertain information. The Dempster’s combination rule can be applied for combining data from different experts, spectral bands or surveillance radars. Dempster-Shafer evidence theory can simulate uncertainty. The surveillance radars integrate data from different sources for object coordinate determination. Surveillance radars can differ in their reliability, precision and completeness. Adaptations of various surveillance radars to the same environment are not the same. That’s why, information fusion is one of most important and difficult procedures for radar surveillance tasks. A new data fusion approach based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory gives a reliable complex assessment for object coordinates. It was noted, that the main aim of aggregation of information is to simplify data, whether the data is coming from different experts, sources, spectral bands or surveillance radars. Data fusion simplifies calculations. The determination of basic probability is an important problem which can influence final classification results, when we apply Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. Various methods to determine basic probabilities were analyzed in this paper. It was considered frequency method to determine the basic probabilities. The numerical example was described in detail too. It also was proposed the method to determine basic probabilities using fuzzy sets, because fuzzy set theory can deal with ambiguous and incomplete data. It was considered the method to determine basic probabilities based on the distance measure between the test data and the normal distribution model of attribute categories. It was noted, that there is no general method to determine basic probabilities. These considered methods can be applied for remote sensing tasks, such as ecological, agriculture, geological problems and for solution of radar surveillance tasks.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AUTOMATED OIL SELECTION SYSTEM

D. S. Bobur — 2025-06-09

In the current context of the development of transport infrastructure and industrial technologies, the issue of selecting the correct lubricants, particularly engine oils, is becoming increasingly important. The compliance of oil with technical specifications and real operating conditions directly affects the efficiency, durability, and safety of engines and machinery. However, the wide range of lubricants available on the market, differences in their properties and standards, as well as the lack of universal digital solutions for selection, complicate this process for both professionals and ordinary users. The paper presents an analysis of modern oil selection tools, including online platforms, mobile applications, and ERP system modules. It has been established that existing solutions have significant limitations: a focus on specific brands, insufficient consideration of operating conditions, limited scalability, and weak integration with other systems. This confirms the need to create a new automated decision support system that would be manufacturer-independent, flexible, scalable, and capable of taking into account a wide range of technical and operational parameters.A concept for building such a system is proposed, including modular architecture, integration with external databases via APIs, automatic information updates, and the use of intelligent data processing algorithms, including machine learning.Functional and non-functional requirements for the system have been developed, including high performance, load resistance, personal data protection, and an intuitive user interface.Requirements for the system architecture are proposed in the form of a client interface as a web portal or mobile application, server-side logic for request processing, centralized data storage, and an analytical-recommendation module. Variants of implementing the system as either a local solution for enterprises or a cloud service are considered separately. The technical implementation should be based on open technologies such as Python, Django/Flask, PostgreSQL or MySQL, using modern frontend frameworks.Thus, the proposed approach to creating an automated engine oil selection system ensures high adaptability, recommendation accuracy, and compliance with modern market requirements, which will contribute to improving the efficiency of mainte- nance of vehicles and industrial equipment.

TELEMETRY CHANNEL DATA ESTIMATION EXPOSED TO CHAOTIC IMPULSE-PULSE DISTURBANCES

А. Yu. Volovyk — 2025-06-09

The paper is devoted to the problem of devices synthesis for estimating the linear stationary dynamic systems state operating under conditions of noise and perturbations in the observation channel. The paper considers the joint influence of Gaussian noise and chaotic pulse disturbance on the accuracy of message filtering in a digital telemetry channel. The problem of many telemetry systems is the disparity between high data rate and reliability of their reception under the influence of impulse noise, which is typical for various medium information transmission. Since, due to the rapid development of technology, telemetry has become crucial to ensure the proper level of reliability and guarantee a given degree of safety of complex technological facilities and systems, such discrepancy is becoming more and more critical.The aim of the study is to improve the accuracy of message estimation in a telemetry channel exposed to chaotic-pulse disturbances against the background of a moderate increase in computational cost.In general, the efficiency of using methods for synthesizing optimal estimation devices depends on the completeness of a priori information about the processes mathematical model occurring in the control object, statistical information about the existing disturbances properties and the initial data formation mechanism. For problems of this class, the standard solution is the optimal Kalman filter demonstrating the highest quality of convergence of estimates to true values. If data on the current state of the observation system is missing, unreliable, or does not correspond to the accepted models, then the synthesis problem becomes incorrectly formulated. To resolve this contradiction, the presented work proposes a correction of the telemetry observation channel mathematical model, taking into account the appearance of differently accurate initial data, including anomalous ones.Based on the adjusted model, a pseudo-Bayesian algorithm for multi-hypothesis estimation is synthesized. It includes a mechanism for calculating the posterior probability of chaotic impulse noise and proportional weighting of the initial estimates based on it. Based on the results of digital statistical modeling, a comparative analysis of the accuracy of the considered evaluation algorithms was carried out. The residual of the signal generated as a difference between the telemetry reference signal and the estimate of the affected chaotic pulse interference obtained with the help of appropriate filters was chosen as a source of information for the relative accuracy estimation. The source of information for assessing the relative accuracy was the signal residual.It was generated as the difference between the reference telemetry signal and the estimate of the affected chaotic impulse disturbances obtained using the appropriate filters. Numerical simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

CONTROL DEVICES FOR PROJECTION REFLECTIONS IN THE PHASE SPACE OF STRANGE ATTRACTORS OF DYNAMIC CHAOS GENERATORS

A. O. Semenov — 2025-06-09

One of the ways to experimentally test the proposed mathematical models that exhibit the properties of deterministic chaos is to implement them using «analog computers». Depending on the dimensionality of the system, three or more signals are obtained, the spectrum of which can be analyzed. However, the most obvious evidence of chaotic behavior is strange attractors. A two-dimensional version of attractors is obtained by applying two signals to an oscilloscope that is switched to the X-Y mode. In this way, three projections are obtained, although the minimum dimensionality of the system implies that the object is three-dimensional. There are digital ways of displaying strange attractors in 3D using special consoles; they are connected to the system under study and to a personal computer. The greater the accuracy of such a set-top box, the higher its cost. However, it is possible to implement the display of a strange attractor on the oscilloscope screen in pseudo-3D using simple mathematical operations. With this approach, no information is lost during signal processing, and the cost of the device is lower. The structure of the object of study can be compared to a mathematical simulation by rotating it in phase space immediately after connecting three signals to the console, without additional programs. The basic mathematical operations are realized with the help of operational amplifiers, inverters, analog multipliers, and sin/cos potentiometer analogs. The article is devoted to a number of devices-attachments to the oscilloscope that make it possible to rotate strange attractors in pseudo 3D along two or three axes. The presented works contain device schematics and the necessary information for independent implementation. These studies demonstrate the sequence of development of the idea, the gradual departure from the analog sin/cos potentiometer to its digital counterparts, and the expansion of the rotation range from 90 to 360 degrees. The possibility of drawing a sectional plane along one of the axes and obtaining a Poincaré section is controlled.The main structural elements of the devices are defined, and the operation of some of them is briefly described. For a better understanding of the operation of such devices, images illustrating rotations in phase space are shown. A certain number of images were converted from black and white to color and further processed. The prospective development of such devices has been determined.

TECHNOLOGIES OF EXCURSION AND ACCOMPANYING SERVICE IN THE SPHERE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

K. M. Horb — 2025-06-09

The article is devoted to the analysis and systematization of technologies of excursion and accompanying services in the field of tourism and hospitality, under different interpretations of excursion and accompanying: firstly, as a tourist service, when mainly service technological techniques are used, secondly, as a method of training using primarily pedagogical techniques, thirdly, as a tool of advertising and popularization with a priority based on marketing tools and PR technologies. The common and distinctive features between an excursion and accompanying are substantiated, the concept of an excursion and accompanying event (EAE) is proposed. The author’s technological scheme of accompanying a typical one-day cognitive bus tour is given as an example and basis for the formation of standards of tourist accompanying in the conditions of the «economy of impressions».Individual services and in general the activities related to the preparation and conduct of excursions and accompaniment, as well as excursion and accompaniment support for tourist trips, educational, business and advertising events, are substantively and technologically complex operations that require a fairly wide range of professional knowledge, skills and personal characteristics of its providers, including high responsibility (including financial), awareness of operating Google maps and creating content for social networks, stress resistance and efficiency in making decisions, taking into account the huge range of possible unforeseen situations during the trip. The distinction between excursion and accompaniment depends on the ratio of excursion and accompaniment services. In modern conditions, it can be considered relevant to improve, create and implement national standards and educational, methodological and instructional and regulatory materials on tourist support, taking into account international standards. But both the excursion and the tourist travel program as a whole are the result of a creative process, where creativity, unusualness and an individual approach are valued. Therefore, the processes of excursion and support services cannot be subjected to absolute formalization. In standardizing of the technological processes of tourist accompaniment and conducting excursions in the conditions of the «experience economy», it is worth finding a «golden mean» between ensuring high quality services and manifestations of creative imagination and creativity.

CONSUMER LOYALTY PROGRAMS IN THE WORLD’S LARGEST HOTEL CHAINS

N. A. Horozhankina — 2025-06-09

Types of consumer loyalty programs are considered depending on the number of participants, benefits, presence (absence) of entry barriers for participants. By increasing customer loyalty, hotels partially abandon the idea of maximizing revenue at the expense of customers, setting prices acceptable to them.Consumer loyalty programs among well-known international hotel chains were analyzed, their pros and cons were highlighted. It was found that one of the attractive aspects of the Marriott Bonvoy loyalty program is the opportunity to stay for the fifth night for free, customers can transfer points to 40 partner airlines and have the opportunity to upgrade their room category and take advantage of the benefits of the executive lounge, consumer incentives include converting points into retail gift certificates, cruises, car rentals, tickets to concerts and sporting events. As of the beginning of 2023, the Marriott Rewards loyalty program covered more than 192 million regular customers. In addition, there is an incentive program, within the framework of which points are accrued for special events and banquets held in hotels according to a special scheme.Hilton is offering a fifth night free. To use this opportunity, guests must have Hilton Silver elite status, which entitles them to room upgrades, free breakfast, and additional points. The hotel chain has become a leader in terms of development, with its membership growing by 110% between 2018 and 2023, reaching a total of 173 million members.Hyatt offers numerous benefits within its loyalty program, including free breakfasts, waivers of resort fees and parking fees on award nights, and guaranteed room upgrades. Hyatt has more than 48 million loyal members.Wyndham Rewards partners with Caesars Rewards from Caesars Entertainment. This allows all members to combine their accounts and earn and redeem points at Caesars properties; while elite members can earn corresponding status. As of September 2023, Wyndham had 105 million members (up 78% from 2018).In terms of earning points, Choice has two credit cards developed in cooperation with other companies. As of September 2023, Choice Hotels had 60 million members (up 54% from 2018).The Accor hotel chain contains many elite and luxurious offers. Points in the ALL program are divided into four levels of privileges. Using all the benefits of the loyalty program, it is possible to exchange the collected points for taxi rides, car rentals and rail travel. As of June 2023, Accor had 89 million members, which is 40% more than in 2019.Among the types of consumer loyalty programs that are actively used by international hotel chains, the following are highlighted: rewards, special prices, free services, partner programs.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT FACILITIES

A. V. Pogrebnyak — 2025-06-09

The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of Ukraine’s economy, namely, the possibility of reducing energy consumption and increasing the energy efficiency of production activities. The theoretical foundations of energy efficiency, the legislative justification for the implementation of the basic principles of energy-efficient management, the need to use renewable energy sources, innovative materials, technologies, management systems are studied. The advantages of implementing green design, the use of heat recovery systems, modern lighting systems, building materials, automated management system for both buildings as a whole and their individual functioning systems are considered. It is proved that the relevance and necessity of reforming the energy system of Ukraine is one of the top priorities for the state and private business, which will allow to significantly increase the capabilities regarding the prospects of minimizing energy consumption by implementing the necessary energy efficiency measures. The purpose of the article is to analyze current trends in the field of energy efficiency in the construction of hotel and restaurant facilities, to consider practical examples and development prospects in this field, and to provide proposals for the implementation of the considered approaches. The objectives of the study were: to define the basic principles of energy-efficient design; to analyze the use of renewable energy sources; to analyze the use of innovative materials and technologies; to characterize the use of smart, automated building management systems (BMS); to consider the use of green design opportunities; to analyze the need for an energy audit to assess the energy efficiency of buildings. The article concludes with a list of the studied issues and proposals for the representatives of the hotel and restaurant business on their implementation. The introduction of modern lighting, thermal insulation and water drainage technologies contributes to achieving high standards of energy efficiency, which, in turn, increases comfort and safety for hotel and restaurant guests. The development of energy efficiency in the construction of hotel and restaurant facilities is a complex but promising direction. This is not only a matter of reducing costs, but also an important part of the global strategy to combat climate change, which requires us to be responsible in the use of resources and implement innovative technologies to preserve our planet for future generations.

PECULIARITIES AND MODERN TRENDS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF HOTEL SERVICES

O. I. Yudina — 2025-06-09

The article examines the specific features and components of the service process organization in hotel establishments, as well as the current trends in its development that contribute to enhancing the quality and efficiency of hotel services. The objective of this article is to analyze and characterize the main elements involved in the organization of hotel service processes and to identify innovative directions for its development in the present-day context. The study investigates the stages of organizing the hotel service process and outlines their essential content. The factors influencing the quality of hotel services are identified and described, including staff training, hotel infrastructure and equipment, management efficiency, personalized customer service, implementation of new technologies, effective communication, partnerships, and feedback mechanisms. Based on the conducted analysis, the article highlights contemporary directions in organizing hotel service, such as the integration of new information and communication technologies (ICT), optimization via popular media platforms, the efficient role of a Social Media Marketing (SMM) manager, and the establishment of barter agreements. These contemporary approaches allow accommodation facilities to minimize advertising costs while significantly enhancing brand awareness and attracting new clientele. Using the experience and skills of an SMM manager ensures the successful implementation of a marketing strategy and a positive impact on the organization of the customer service process.The introduction of ICT innovations, characterized by the use of media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and TikTok, the development and implementation of SMM manager responsibilities, and the formation of barter agreements with celebrities and influencers for promotional purposes represent current trends in hotel service organization that impact the growth of service quality and operational performance of hotel enterprises. The factors that influence the quality of service to consumers of hotel services have been identified, as well as modern directions for organizing the service process and approaches to improving its efficiency and quality have been established. They can be used in further research for planning activities on a progressive basis and for developing strategies for hotel establishments.